TK's staging site

Friday Mac

By tk
Friday, November 22, 2002

Arlington P 2.

There are about 18 burials every week day, at the present time at Arlington Cemetery.

At the grave side of President John Kennedy an eternal flame burns,and the words:

"With history as the final judge of our deeds..." are quoted from his inaugural address.

His brother Robert F. Kennedy and Jackie are also buried here.

The most decorated WW2 U.S soldier, Audie Murphie, and Joe Louis, world heavy weight boxing champion also rest here at Arlington.

My wife Denise and I have good reason to be grateful that Arlington Cemetery exists.

In early September 2001, our Australian Embassy in Washington D.C. invited us to fly to the Capital to attend a ceremony at the Washington Navy Yard on Monday the 10th. of September.

President George W. Bush was going to present the Ship's bell from USS Canberra to my Prime Minister, the Honourable John W. Howard MP.

I had been sunk in HMAS Canberra at the Battle of Savo Island on the 9th. 0f August 1942, and in 1943, the US heavy cruiser was launched and named after my ship by Lady Dixon, the wife of the Australian Minister to Washington.

In 1967, when the ship was in Melbourne, my 6 year old son Raymond was christened on board using this bell as the font. Lady Dixon and the ship's Captain Edwin Rosenberg USN became his God Mother and God Father.

In 1997, when visiting the United States, I tracked down the bell in storage at a Naval Storehouse in Williamsburg, and again viewed this artifact, but was denied any opportunity of getting it donated to Australia.

In August of 2001 I called on the US Ambassador to Australia in our National Capital Canberra, and asked if he would endeavour to have the USS Canberra's bell given to Australia. The ceremony on the 10th. of September emanated from that visit.

On the day in question, at the Navy Yard, with true US Navy ceremony, and a 19 gun salute for my PM, the President presented this 300 pound bell to John Howard to mark the 50th. Anniversary of signing the ANZUS Treaty between Australia and the United States.

Both the President and the Prime Minister were gracious enough to mention me in

Arlington P 3

their speeches.

Then quite unexpectedly the President left the dais and followed by John Howard came down to greet and meet us.

With his hand outstretched, he approached me saying "Its an honour to meet you Sir." I was almost speechless, but stammered out " Its my pleasure to meet you Mr President." Mr Howard then spoke to me, shaking hands.

Denise had moved away to try and get a photograph of this historic moment for me, the President went after her, took her hand saying "Come on, you must be in this too." He took the camera from her hand, passed it off to a three star Marine General close by, ordering him "Take a photograph!"

This was duly done, and in our proud possession is a photograph of us with the President of the United States, and the Australian Prime Minister.

The next day, the dreadful events of 9/11 unfolded, and we were stuck in Washington until the following Saturday.

Our Embassy had arranged for both of us to join the Prime Minister and Mrs Howard on a visit to Arlington Cemetery on that day, Tuesday the 11th. of September 2001. There is, I believe, one Australian Serviceman buried at Arlington, and Mrs Howard was to lay a wreath on his grave site.

On Wednesday the 12th. of September, at a luncheon arranged for us by Rear Admiral Simon Harrington RAN, from our Embassy, we were informed that Denise and I were booked on American Airlines Flight Number 77 from Dulles Airport to Los Angeles on Tuesday the 11th. to return to Australia.

Of course, this was the AA Flight that crashed into the Pentagon, but for the Prime Minister's party scheduled to visit Arlington Cemetery on Tuesday the 11th. of September, and the decision to take us off that fateful flight to join our Prime Minister and Mrs Howard, we would have been aboard Flight Number 77.

We have the very existence of Arlington Cemetery, and the proposed visit there of the Prime Ministerial party to thank for our lucky escape.

I have always subscribed to the view that: "It is better to be lucky than rich."

If visiting Washington D.C. make the journey to Arlington, the most famous of the more than 100 National Cemeteries dotted around the United States, it is a most rewarding experience.

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Rescue Ships P 1

The Role of the Rescue Ships in the Battle of the Atlantic.

Introduction.
In WW2, the British Merchant Navy suffered losses of some 32,952 personnel from a total strength of about 185,000. This figure represents a loss of 17.8%, and compares unfavourably with losses of 6% for the British Army, 9% for the Royal Air Force, and 9.3% for the Royal Navy.

These enormous losses would have been even higher were it not for the 29 Rescue Ships which became operational from January 1941, and served until April 1945.

These little vessels became the unsung heroes of the Battle of the Atlantic, and, in this context, I include the Russian Convoys to Murmansk, as being a patch stitched into the North Atlantic Quilt.

The brain child of Admiral Sir Martin Dunbar-Nasmith, VC.
Rescue Ships were the brain child of the then Commander in Chief of Western Approaches, Admiral Sir Martin Dunbar-Nasmith, VC. who, on the 22nd. of September 1940, wrote to the Admiralty, setting out his views on the unsatisfactory arrangements for rescuing Merchant Seamen after their ships had been sunk by Aircraft or U-Boat action. In part he wrote:

If convoy escorts are to feel free to carry out their proper offensive role, and the morale of the Merchant Navy is to be kept up, it is considered essential that there should be Picking Up Ships, following astern of convoys, and transferring from outward to inward convoys with the escort. It is requested that the necessary ships may be taken up and sent to convoy ports.

The Admiralty Acts.
For once the Admiralty acted with some alacrity, and, the first Resue Ship, the 1,875 ton Houtestroom, was taken up in December 1940, to become operational on the 11th. of January 1941.

Description of Rescue Ships.
Basic requirements for these vessels were:-

( i ) A low freeboard, to enable survivors to be easily hauled over the side to safety.

( ii ) A speed of 11 to 12 knots, so they could regain the bosom of the convoy after fulfilling their rescue duties astern of a convoy.

( iii ) To be fitted with rescue boats, ( originally oared, but eventually powered.)

Rescue Ships P 2

Carley floats, booms, float nets, grab hooks, hoists, and scrambling nets.

These ships were fitted with a Sick Bay, an Operating Theatre, and carried a Medical Officer and a Sick Berth Attendant.

In wartime, Merchant Ships needed to carry a crew in excess of 100 men before they qualified to have a doctor on board.

Record of Rescue Ships.
In all, these little ships, were on average but 1,500 tons, and they sailed with 755 convoys, to rescue 4,194 survivors, who claimed 15 different Nationalities.

Amongst these survivors were 4 ex U-Boat sailors, who had good reason to be thankful to a Rescue Ship for saving them from a certain death in the freezing waters of a North Atlantic winter.

Out of the 29 Rescue Ships commissioned, 6 were sunk whilst carrying out their function ( including Zaafaran, which was lost on the 5th. of July 1942, when part of the infamous Convoy P.Q.17, and by a quirk of fate, she had been built in Germany destined for service in the Levant ) and a furher 2 were found to be unsuitable for their role, and were withdrawn from service.

Boost to Morale.
These small ships, besides their life saving role, gave an immense boost to the morale of Merchant Seamen, and, as they were fitted with a heavy armament for their size, and carried high frequency direction finding equipment, they played an important part in the constant threat from and struggle against the menace of the U-Boats, and German Aircraft.

The Escort Commander was relieved from the anxiety of rescuing torpedoed survivors, and could concentrate on his main task: "The safe and timely arrival of the Convoy."

Conclusion.
The initiative of the Commander in Chief of Western Approaches leading to the introduction of Rescue Ships, provided the opportunity for these ships and their magnificent crews to write their selfless service into the history of British Maritime Warfare.

Winston Churchill could well have said:

"So much was achieved, by so few, for the benefit of so many!"

Rescue Ships P3.

Bibliography.

Merchant Seamen During the War, Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, Vol LXXXIII,Part 11, No.337.

Schofield,B.B, and Martin ,L.F, The Rescue Ships, William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1968.

Strength and Casualities of the Armed Forces and Auxiliary Services of the United Kingdom 1939-1945.

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On the Title page for the Confederate Raiders. The next line for Marauders WW2 it reads : this is the third part in a trilogy, it should read : this is the second part, please.

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